Wired and wireless network wiring solutions for different rooms (pictures and text)

Many users surf the Internet at home by building their own proxy servers, hubs, switches, routers and other devices. Most home computer networks do not require many terminals and network devices, and the network structure is simple, so computer network wiring may be ignored. For users who use wireless networks, network wiring is not necessary for the time being. However, due to economic, compatibility and transmission speed considerations, wired networks are relatively flexible and safe. The following is a sharing of some experiences in home wiring.

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1. Wired network solution

1. Wiring principles

• Integrated wiring. When designing the wiring, the layout of telephone lines, cable TV cables, power lines and twisted-pair cables should be considered comprehensively. Telephone lines and power lines should not be too close to twisted-pair cables to avoid interference with them, but they should not be too far away either. The relative position should be kept at about 20 cm.
• Pay attention to aesthetics. Home wiring should pay more attention to aesthetics. Therefore, wiring construction should be carried out at the same time as decoration. Cable ducts should be buried under the floor or decorative panels as much as possible. Information sockets should also be embedded, and the bottom box should be buried in the wall.
• Simple design. Since the number of information points is small, it is very convenient to manage, so there is no need to use a patch panel for home wiring. One end of the twisted pair is connected to the information socket, and the other end can be directly connected to the wiring hub, thus saving expenses and reducing management difficulty.
• Proper redundancy. The service life of the integrated wiring is 15 years. Maybe the number of computers in families nowadays is small, but no one can predict the development of home appliances in the future. Perhaps in a few years, all home appliances can be managed with the help of the Internet. Therefore, proper redundancy is very necessary.

2. Issues that should be paid attention to during wiring

• Number of information points. In addition to the information points installed in common locations in general rooms, it is best to deploy 2 to 3 more information points in hidden locations in the center of the residence and on the front and back balconies to prepare for the installation of wireless network access point devices in the future, to achieve wireless network connection for home computers, and to carry laptops to work outdoors.
• Information socket location. When choosing the location of the information socket, you should also pay great attention to it. It should be easy to use and not blocked by furniture; it should also be relatively hidden and not too conspicuous. In the bedroom, the information socket can be located on both sides of the bed; in the living room, it can be located at the end of the sofa near the window; in the study, it should be located near the desk, and the vertical distance between the information socket and the ground should not be less than 20cm.
• The location of the hub. Since the hub is rarely touched, it should be located in the most concealed location while ensuring good ventilation. It should be noted that the hub requires power support, so a power socket must be provided for the hub during decoration. In addition, the hub should be installed away from damp, wet, or severely electromagnetically interfered locations.
• Keep away from interference sources. Twisted-pair cables and computers should be kept as far away from washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, and electric fans as possible to prevent these appliances from interfering with the signals transmitted in the twisted-pair cables.
• Separate power supplies. The power cords used by computers, printers, and wiring devices should be separated from the power cords used by fluorescent lamps, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, and electric fans to achieve separate power supplies to ensure the safety and stable operation of the computer.
• Route selection. Twisted-pair cables should be kept away from direct sunlight and should not be laid in humid places. In addition, they should be kept away from frequently used passages and under heavy objects to avoid possible friction to ensure the electrical performance of the twisted-pair cables.

2. Room Wiring Solution

1. Two-bedroom home wiring

Two information points are installed in the master bedroom, located on both sides of the double bed, so that both parties can use the laptop computer at the same time; an information point is installed in the auxiliary bedroom, located at the head of the single bed or near the desk, which is convenient for children or visiting guests to use; an information point is installed in the living room, located in a relatively hidden position at one end of the sofa or near the coffee table, so that the laptop computer can be used for work or entertainment in the living room.

In addition, a twisted pair cable is connected from the information socket provided by the residential area to the line collection device to realize the community LAN access of the home network. The telephone line and power line should be laid separately, with a distance of 20cm between them. The distance between the information socket, voice socket and power socket should also be 20cm. The wiring plan can refer to the design shown in the figure, where "." represents the information point.

Insert the twisted pair into the PVC pipe and bury it in the floor pad. When it is necessary to pass through the wall, make a hole in the wall close to the ground. The information socket adopts the wall type, and the bottom box is buried in the wall. The wiring equipment (hub or switch) is installed in the auxiliary bedroom. It is recommended to use a 5-port desktop device, which can be fixed on the side of the desk near the bedside, which can save space and ensure proper ventilation space, while avoiding the direct exposure of the equipment to affect the appearance.

2. Three-bedroom home wiring

Since the living room of a three-bedroom apartment is usually larger, you can consider installing an information point on each wall on both sides, both located in a hidden position 1m to 1.5m away from the window, so that computers can be connected at the same time. The requirements for integrated wiring are exactly the same as those for a two-bedroom apartment.

3. Duplex home wiring

The design of the master bedroom and auxiliary bedroom upstairs, as well as the community broadband link, is the same as that of the two-bedroom apartment, so I will not repeat it. An information point is installed on each wall on both sides of the hall on the first floor, both located in a hidden position 1m to 1.5m away from the window, which is convenient for simultaneous access to computers or wireless APs. Holes are drilled in the floor and walls and PVC pipes are inserted to achieve the crossing of twisted pair cables between floors and rooms. It is recommended to install the cable collection equipment on the back of the first floor staircase, which is convenient for maintenance and does not affect the appearance.

If the community broadband allows multiple users to access each family and uses DHCP to dynamically assign IP addresses, then you only need to use a crossover cable to connect the hub to the information socket provided by the community. If the community does not provide DHCP service, you need to set an IP address for each computer. If the community only assigns one IP address to each family and limits the number of accesses by MAC address, then you must use a broadband router or proxy server. When using a broadband router, use a crossover twisted pair cable to connect the router's WLAN port and the community's information socket, and then use another crossover cable to connect the router's LAN port and the home hub device. When using a proxy server, if you use Windows ICS, you need two network cards, one to connect to the community and one to connect to the home network.

3. Wireless Network Solution

Select the location of the wireless AP

For wireless networks, the placement of wireless APs is very important. Since the coverage of wireless APs is very limited, and as the distance increases, the wireless signal will become weaker and weaker, the anti-interference ability will become worse and worse, and the wireless transmission rate will also become lower and lower. Therefore, choosing a good placement can not only ensure that the wireless network can cover every corner, but also ensure a higher transmission rate.

When choosing a wireless AP access location, you should pay attention to the following issues.

• ***, place it at a high place. Wireless signals propagate in a straight line. Every time they encounter an obstacle, the wireless signal will be attenuated. The higher the wireless AP is placed, the less likely and frequent it will be blocked, and the better the signal strength can be guaranteed. If the ceiling in the living room is hollow, the wireless AP can be hidden in it, which is both beautiful and ensures the corresponding height of the AP.
• Second, place it in the center. The coverage of the wireless signal is a circular area. Therefore, only by placing the wireless AP in the center can we ensure that all bedrooms and living rooms are within the coverage area.
• Third, pass through the least number of walls. Experiments show that after passing through two brick walls, the signal strength will be weakened by 20%, but the original transmission rate can still be guaranteed; but if it passes through the wall three times, the signal strength will be weakened by 50% to 60%, and the transmission rate will also be reduced to 30% to 40% of the original rate.
• Fourth, the location is hidden. After the wireless AP is configured and installed, it can be managed remotely by software. Therefore, for the sake of aesthetics, the wireless AP can be placed in a relatively hidden place.
• Fifth, dry and ventilated. As an electronic product, the wireless AP should be protected from sunlight, baking, rain and moisture, so it can be placed in a dry and ventilated place to facilitate heat dissipation and ensure normal operation.
• Sixth, independent power supply. The wireless AP should use the same power supply as the computer, and avoid using the same circuit as air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and other appliances to ensure that it is not interfered with and affected by pulse current.

4. Wireless AP Room Design Solution

According to the living room, there are roughly the following options.

1. Two-bedroom apartment

Since the effective transmission distance of wireless AP in a closed environment can reach 30m to 50m, even if there is a brick wall blocking it, it is more than enough to use only one wireless AP in a two-bedroom room. If the ceiling in the living room is hollow, the wireless AP can be hidden in it, which is both beautiful and ensures the corresponding height of the AP. The wireless AP can also be placed near one end of the bedroom, or hidden in the coffee table or TV cabinet in the living room.

If the community provides broadband access, a twisted pair cable should be laid from the information socket to the wireless AP to connect the home network to the community. If ADSL is used to share Internet access, a twisted pair cable should be laid near the telephone socket to connect the wireless AP to the ADSL Modem.

2. Three-bedroom apartment

The design of the wireless network for a three-bedroom apartment is basically the same as that for a two-bedroom apartment. It is best to place the wireless AP in the ceiling of the living room. If it cannot be placed in the living room, it should be placed in the middle room so that the wireless AP only needs to pass through a brick wall to reach each room, thus ensuring the strength of the wireless signal and the transmission rate of the network.

3. Duplex

Unlike ordinary brick walls, poured cement floors will cause a significant attenuation of wireless signals, so a wireless AP should be set up on each floor and two wireless APs should be connected together with the help of a hub. In other words, a duplex room must be wired in an integrated manner to achieve connections between wireless APs and between wireless APs and the community broadband.

The wireless AP in the lobby on the first floor can be placed in the center of the ceiling to ensure that the entire lobby is covered by a strong signal. Of course, it can also be placed near the window to ensure that the indoor signal strength is certain and that the laptop can still access the home network when it is outdoors. If there are three bedrooms on the second floor, it can be placed in the middle bedroom; if there are two bedrooms, it can be placed in a hidden position near the wall of the other bedroom.

5. Suggestions for later applications

Using wireless methods to build a free home LAN has very obvious advantages over wired methods. For example, it does not damage home decoration; there are no complicated connections; if a fault occurs, the problem can be quickly identified; as long as it is within the wireless coverage area, you can roam freely, such as upstairs and downstairs, living rooms, bedrooms, balconies, kitchens, and even in the bathroom. You can also use a laptop computer to query data and obtain information anytime and anywhere through your home wireless LAN, and work and entertain at any time.

Generally speaking, ADSL, Cable Modem, and community broadband can all be used. If they cannot be used, be sure to ask the dealer or the manufacturer's technical support. What needs to be noted about community broadband is that some operators bind the MAC address of your network card, so you must purchase a wireless gateway that can modify the MAC. The export of home broadband is generally only about 1Mbps. Wireless network products are sufficient for home applications, so the price will become cheaper and cheaper. However, if your application is not limited to home office and Internet access, for example, you may organize a game for 4 to 5 people, you can consider 802.11g products.

When the wireless network is not in use, it is recommended to turn off the power supply to avoid access by others. When using it, try to use some security mechanisms, such as MAC address filtering, WEP encryption and IP address filtering. Finally, cancel the gateway's DHCP and set it to a fixed IP. If you are often close to the gateway, it is recommended that you use a wired network. At this time, just remove the antenna. If it cannot be removed, you can wrap the antenna with cigarette box tin foil to prevent signal leakage. You can also share a bandwidth outlet with other families and share the Internet access fee. Since wireless devices can penetrate one or more layers of walls, neighbors around you can also access your wireless network, but they must get your key or authorization.