The Basics: What are edge devices?

Edge devices are more than just hardware, and with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, they are more important than ever. Edge devices have multiple uses, but at their core they act as an entry or exit point and control the flow of data at the boundary or perimeter between two networks. For networks that use different protocols, edge devices provide traffic translation in addition to connectivity.

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How does it work?

Edge devices consist of hardware that performs two basic functions, namely providing physical connectivity and enabling communication between networks. A complete edge device function may include transmission, routing, processing, monitoring, filtering, conversion, and data storage between networks.

General and intelligent edge devices

Traditional edge devices include edge routers, routing switches, firewalls, multiplexers, and other wide area network (WAN) devices.

Smart edge devices have built-in processors with onboard analytics or AI capabilities. These devices may include sensors, actuators, and IoT gateways. By processing a certain amount of data directly on smart edge devices, rather than uploading, processing, and storing data in the cloud, companies can improve efficiency and reduce costs.

Uses of edge devices

Edge devices are primarily used by enterprises and service providers to connect internal local area networks (LANs) to the Internet or external wide area networks (WANs), while edge devices and edge computing have evolved to provide more advanced features. These features may include wireless access points (APs), security through wireless APs or virtual private network servers, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) services, and Domain Name System (DNS) services.

According to TechTarget, cloud computing and the Internet of Things have taken edge devices to the next level by requiring "more intelligence, computing power, and advanced services to be delivered at the edge of the network." Edge computing occurs at or near the source of data, bringing information closer to the people who use the data to make informed decisions. The result is faster response times and reduced use of network resources. When applied to IoT devices, edge computing can increase efficiency by automating tasks and improving processes, in addition to many other benefits.

Challenges of Edge Devices

While edge devices offer speed, cost savings, and expanded access to networks and resources, there are several issues to consider when using this technology. Some of the challenges with edge devices include the responsibility of registering and managing various edge devices, ensuring data security, and preventing network traffic bottlenecks.