Revealed: What secrets does the extra 1G of 5G contain compared to 4G?

With the continuous development of communication technology, 5G, which is called a revolutionary technology, will usher in a new era. Ordinary people think that 5G is just about faster Internet access, but in fact, the changes brought by 5G will be of an order of magnitude. Today, let's take a look at what secrets are contained in the 1G more than 4G!

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According to the definition of 3GPP, the international communications standards organization, 5G has the following characteristics compared to 4G:

• eMBB large bandwidth: The theoretical download rate will reach 10GB per second, which will be 10 times the current 4G Internet speed.
• uRLLC low latency: The theoretical latency of 5G is 1ms, which is a few tenths of the latency of 4G, basically reaching the quasi-real-time level.
• mMTC wide connectivity: The theoretical number of IoT terminals that can be connected to a single 5G communication cell will reach ***, which is more than ten times that of 4G.

Rome was not built in a day. It is not enough to talk about 5G to achieve the above-mentioned "earth-shaking" changes. The key lies in relying on a series of black technologies it applies.

1. Millimeter Wave

At this stage we mainly use radio waves for communication. I wonder if you still remember this formula.

c=λv. c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength, and v is the frequency. The speed of light is a constant, which means that the longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency.

Regardless of whether it is 1G, 2G, 3G or 4G, the Internet speed becomes faster because the frequency used is becoming higher and higher, that is, higher frequency → larger bandwidth → faster speed.

As the frequency gradually increases, the corresponding wavelength is gradually shortening. The 5G network has found a very high-frequency radio wave to transmit information, achieving a qualitative leap in network speed. Since the wavelength of this wave is at the millimeter level, it is named "millimeter wave".

2. Micro Base Station

Electromagnetic waves have a characteristic: the higher the frequency, the worse the diffraction ability, and the faster the attenuation during the propagation process. How to realize the vision of "everyone can use 5G"? According to the previous method, it is to build more macro base stations in the city!

The coverage cost of this method is extremely high. In order to solve the problem of base station signal coverage and reduce the cost of base station construction, the black technology of "micro base station" was created.

There are two types of base stations: micro base stations and macro base stations. As the name implies, macro base stations are very large and can cover a large area. Micro base stations are relatively small and cover a relatively small area, but they can be installed everywhere without affecting the beauty of the city.

Due to the characteristics of millimeter waves, if 5G still uses the "macro base stations" of the 3G and 4G era, it will not be able to provide sufficient signal protection for users who are slightly farther away. Therefore, operators use micro base stations and build them in a "wide net" mode to achieve a state where everyone can use 5G.

3. Beamforming

The 4G signal is like a light. When the light is turned on, regardless of whether a certain place needs light or not, this beam of "4G" light will cover it, causing unnecessary waste of resources to a certain extent.

The beamforming used by 5G turns the 4G light into a "flashlight". If you light this 5G "flashlight" in a dark room, it will not illuminate the entire room, but will seek to illuminate in a specific direction where needed, and can change direction according to the movement of the device.

4. D2D Technology

In 4G networks, when two people send messages or photos face to face, they need to go through base stations for transfer. However, 5G networks no longer need base stations as transfers. Data is directly transmitted between devices, and only the base station needs to be "informed" when transmitting. This greatly saves a lot of air resources and reduces the workload of base stations.

Although 5G has only one more G than 4G,

But the changes it brings to our lives will be of magnitude!

Download movies in just 1 second

Smart interconnection of household appliances

unmanned

Virtual Reality

…

With the advent of 5G

All of this

Will be closer to us

[This article is an original article by 51CTO columnist "Mobile Labs". Please contact the original author for reprinting.]

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