How to avoid the pitfalls of integrated wiring?

There is a lot of knowledge involved in integrated wiring, and there are many pitfalls whether it is control lines or power lines.

Integrated wiring is a modular and highly flexible information transmission channel within a building or between buildings. It can connect voice equipment, data equipment, switching equipment and various control equipment to the information management system, and also connect these devices to the external communication network. It also includes all cables and related connection components between the connection point of the building's external network or telecommunication line and the application system equipment.

Integrated wiring is composed of components of different series and specifications, including: transmission media, related connection hardware (such as patch panels, connectors, sockets, plugs, adapters) and electrical protection equipment, etc. These components can be used to build various subsystems, each of which has its own specific purpose. They are not only easy to implement, but also can be smoothly upgraded as needs change.

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1. Rules and pitfalls of weak current/control integrated wiring

When doing integrated wiring, how should we design weak wires? This article mainly talks about four things to note when wiring weak wires. Types of weak wires such as telephone lines, network lines, cable TV lines and audio lines are called weak wires. Friends in need can refer to it.

1. Weak current

Weak current generally refers to DC circuits or audio, video lines, network lines, and telephone lines, and the DC voltage is generally within 36 V. Household appliances such as telephones, computers, and television signal inputs (cable TV lines), audio equipment (output lines), etc. are all weak current electrical equipment.

Types of weak current wires such as telephone lines, network lines, cable TV lines and audio lines are called weak current wires. With the intelligentization of family life, the pre-setting of weak current lines cannot be ignored. In home decoration, the following points should be noted when laying out telephone lines, network lines and cable TV lines:

• Avoid strong wires: Weak electric signals are low-voltage signals with poor anti-interference performance, so weak electric wires should be routed away from strong wires (power lines). National standards stipulate that the horizontal distance between power lines and sockets and TV lines and sockets should not be less than 50 cm.
• Pay attention to moisture-proof: The lower edge of the socket should be about 30 cm from the ground. Generally speaking, these weak wires are often wired on the roof or under the floor, so in order to prevent moisture and facilitate replacement, these wires should be covered with a firm casing, and the wires should be checked for open circuits or short circuits before adding the casing.
• Reserve enough sockets: Considering the development and needs of family life, generally, the living room and each bedroom should reserve 1~2 sockets for telephone lines, network lines, and cable TV lines, and they should be distributed on different walls to facilitate the change of the location of electrical appliances. The bathroom and kitchen can also consider whether to reserve a telephone socket according to needs, and the restaurant can also consider whether to reserve a TV cable socket in advance for watching TV while dining.

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• Centralized control: With the advent of the Internet and information age, it is common for a family to install two telephones or multiple computers to access the Internet. In order to ensure the docking quality of various lines and facilitate maintenance, it is best to design a centralized control unit for the telephone lines and network lines in the home. According to the location of the network line entering the room, you can choose a place such as the foyer, corridor, or above the study, and design a small wire box (shaped like a power distribution box) to connect all the telephone lines, network lines, and cable TV lines entering the house from the outside to this wire box. At the same time, the lines of the telephone jacks, network jacks, and cable TV jacks in each room of the home must also reach this wire box, and the wires can be connected in the wire box according to the needs of the family. In order to ensure the signal quality, a TV signal multi-channel branch adapter needs to be added to the wire box. If multiple computers at home are connected to the Internet, a network hub is also required (the above two accessories are available in stores and are not expensive).

2. Power line integrated wiring rules and those pitfalls

1. The power cables, control and signal cables, and communication cables should be arranged in the order of "from top to bottom" from high to low voltage levels. When the horizontal channel contains high-voltage cables above 35kV, or to meet the requirements of the allowable bending radius of the cables introduced into the cabinet, it is advisable to arrange them in the order of "from bottom to top". In the same project or when the cable channel extends to different projects, it should be configured in the same up-down order.

2. When the number of support layers is limited by the channel space, power cables of adjacent voltage levels of 35kV and below can be arranged on the same layer of supports, and power cables of 1kV and below can also be arranged on the same layer of supports with high-voltage control and signal cables.

3. When fire-resistant separation is implemented for the working and standby cables of the same important circuit, they should be arranged on brackets at different levels. It is possible to do so when the passage space is limited as explained in the second sub-item.

If you really want to lay them together, you need to note that 10kV cable cannot be single-core cable, but three-core cable.

3. Electrical wiring specifications

1. Circuit installation of components in the power distribution cabinet:

• Please read the drawings and technical requirements before assembly.
• Check whether the product model, component model, specification quantity, etc. are consistent with the drawings. If any unclear or wrong part is found in the drawings, report it to the team leader or communicate with the designer.
• Check components for damage.
• It must be installed according to the drawings (if there are drawings).
• The order of component assembly should be from left to right and from top to bottom when viewing the board from the front.
• Components of the same model should ensure assembly consistency.

There is a lot of knowledge in integrated wiring. Whether it is control line or power line, there are many pitfalls. Come in and take a look.

2. Secondary circuit wiring:

• The control line uses U-shaped terminals or European plug-in terminals, and no more than two terminals can be connected to the same terminal block. European plug-in terminals can only be equipped with one terminal.
• The wiring should be one-line to the end and the connection should not be disconnected.
• The power cord and ground wire must be wires with a diameter of 0.5 mm2 or more.
• Wire color management: DC power supply: blue wire for negative pole, brown (or yellow) wire for positive pole; main circuit loop: R phase - yellow, S phase - green, T phase - red, neutral line - blue, ground line PE - yellow-green or black. The internal core wires are not limited but must have wire numbers. All the above wires are copper wires.
• The wiring harness should be balanced and vertical, firmly arranged, clearly layered, neat and beautiful, and the wiring method of the same components in the same unit should be consistent.
• Secondary lines shall not pass through busbars.

3. External wiring (field wiring)

Integrated wiring is a big subject. Whether it is control line or power line, there are many pitfalls. Come in and take a look:

• Try to use as many intermediate junction boxes as possible to reduce the number of aviation plugs, but note that wires of different voltage levels cannot be on the same air-running cable.
• Cable trays (2mm thick) with snap-on covers should be placed for above-ground wiring, and the trays should be reliably grounded.
• When making aviation plugs, the welding of each needle and wire should be firm and reliable. The female socket of the aviation plug should be printed with a sticker, and the male connector of the connecting cable should be fixed with a tie to indicate the corresponding label.
• The wire ducts, metal hoses, etc. used on the machine body must be fixed with fixing clips and cannot be adhered.

There is a lot of knowledge in integrated wiring. Whether it is control line or power line, there are many pitfalls. Come in and take a look.

• If the detection components (such as photoelectric switches, solenoid valves, etc.) are connected by quick connectors (such as male and female plugs), the male connector is used on the component side and the female connector is used on the control side.
• The cable inlets and outlets of the intermediate junction box and the robot control cabinet should be sealed with fixed heads or sheaths to prevent dust.
• The nameplates on each operating panel and hand control box should be straight and neat, and the overall size should be consistent.
• The motor cable should be routed independently from other cables. The encoder cable and motor cable should be separated by at least 300mm. Avoid long-distance parallel routing of the motor circuit and other cables to effectively suppress electromagnetic wave radiation and conduction. The motor cable of the inverter must be shielded cable.
• Shielded cables should be used as much as possible for control cables, and twisted shielded cables (such as Shanghai Jiangtong 6*0.2mm2 or Jinzi Wire) should be used for transmission lines of analog signals (digital pulse signals). The shielding layer of the signal cable must be grounded at both ends, and long cables (no more than 20 meters) should be avoided.
• Drag chain wiring should use highly flexible cables specially designed for drag chains as much as possible, and the wire tubes in the drag chain should not be tied together. The wire tubes at both ends of the drag chain should be fixed.