The United States has repeatedly stumbled in 5G network construction. What did it do wrong?

The fact that the 5G network in the United States is not as fast as the 4G network is now known to everyone. Many people do not understand why the United States, the second country in the world to announce the commercialization of 5G, has such a poor development of its domestic 5G network. Many people think that it is because of the lack of Samsung's immature 5G technology. In fact, this statement is not entirely correct. There is another important reason why the 5G network in the United States has reached a development bottleneck, that is, the spectrum is limited.

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What is spectrum

Many people first heard of the word spectrum when Sweden publicly auctioned its spectrum in Stockholm a few months ago. At that time, Sweden intended to exclude Chinese companies ZTE and Huawei, and many industry insiders said that Huawei might completely lose the opportunity to enter the Swedish market this time. When the news was announced, everyone scolded Sweden for being ungrateful and despicable, but many people did not understand what spectrum is, and why losing the qualification to bid for spectrum is equivalent to losing the entire Swedish communications market?

At present, the mainstream information transmission medium in the world is electromagnetic waves, and the Internet is also built on this basis. However, electromagnetic waves are divided into different bands due to their different vibration frequencies, and these bands are used in different communication fields due to their different abilities to transmit information. For example, radio frequencies are divided into several parts, and commercial broadcasting and military radio, aviation radio and other fields use completely different frequencies. In order to ensure information security and prevent information from interfering with each other between industries, electromagnetic wave frequencies cannot be used indiscriminately, otherwise legal liability will be pursued.

The older generation may have experienced telephone line and radio interference. This is because the mainland's electromagnetic wave frequency control did not form a reasonable standard, and electromagnetic waves often interfered with each other. As the domestic electromagnetic wave frequency band control becomes more and more standardized, this situation is becoming less and less common. Huawei and ZTE lost the right to bid for the Swedish domestic spectrum, which means that Huawei and ZTE will not be able to use any frequency band of electromagnetic waves in Sweden, so Huawei and ZTE naturally lost the opportunity to enter the Swedish market.

The spectrum problem in the United States is the root cause of internal conflicts

The spectrum in the United States is a very difficult problem to solve, and for this reason, the construction of 5G networks in the United States has been in deep trouble. First of all, the military and aviation fields of the United States occupy a large range of electromagnetic wave frequency bands, which makes the bands left for communication networks very narrow, and there are even fewer high-quality bands. This is a problem left over from the unreasonable planning and management of electromagnetic wave frequency bands in the United States at the beginning. However, due to the different national systems, it is very difficult to re-plan the electromagnetic wave frequency bands, so this problem has been left until now.

Secondly, because the United States adopts a federal system, the electromagnetic wave standards adopted by many states are slightly different, which leads to a very complicated electromagnetic wave system in the United States. Many high-efficiency frequency bands are occupied and wasted, which is also the reason why the electromagnetic wave frequency bands in the United States are insufficient. After entering the 5G era, the United States chose a different millimeter wave technology from Huawei. However, at present, the only electromagnetic wave frequency band available for communication networks in the United States is the high-frequency band. Although high-frequency millimeter waves have a higher ability to transmit information, their disadvantages are also very obvious, that is, their penetration and coverage capabilities are relatively low.

This is why the 5G network signal in the United States was poor and often interrupted in the early stage of 5G network construction. In order to solve this problem, domestic telecommunications operators in the United States began to strive for domestic medium-frequency bands suitable for 5G networks, so as to ensure the quality of 5G network communications in the United States. In the past two years, the Federal Communications Commission of the United States has auctioned domestic medium-frequency electromagnetic bands many times, and many domestic telecommunications operators have rushed to participate in the bidding.

The C-band 3.70GHz-3.98GHz frequency band, known as the golden band for communications, was auctioned at a sky-high price of US$80.9 billion, which is enough to show how important the electromagnetic wave frequency band is to American communications companies. However, the bigger blow is yet to come. Just when the domestic 5G network in the United States began to be built in full swing, bad news came.

The Federal Aviation Administration of the United States issued a notice stating that the medium-frequency electromagnetic waves occupied by 5G construction will interfere with the electromagnetic waves in the country's aviation field. This will have an impact on the aviation safety of the United States, so the federal government was required to stop the occupation of medium-frequency electromagnetic waves by 5G network construction. In the end, the federal government agreed to the application of the Federal Aviation Administration. In this way, the 5G network in the United States died before it was successfully built.

Summarize

Compared with China, we can see that the management and coordination of electromagnetic wave bands in the United States is quite chaotic, which also doomed the backwardness of 5G network construction in the United States. The reason why my country's 5G network can be built so successfully is not only because of the communication companies such as Huawei and ZTE, but also because the country's control of electromagnetic wave frequencies is very reasonable and orderly, which laid a good foundation for China's 5G network construction.

Therefore, the prerequisite for strong science and technology is strong national strength. Only when the country becomes strong can we witness the emergence of more powerful science and technology.