Related steps of network construction and problem solving

The basic process of network construction includes five steps: functional requirement analysis, network topology design, network integrated wiring, network address allocation and planning, and network equipment selection.

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1. Functional Requirements Analysis

The demand analysis phase mainly completes the investigation of the user's network system, understands the user's network needs, or the user's requirements for upgrading the original network. Demand analysis includes comprehensive analysis of the integrated wiring system, network environment platform, network resource platform, network managers and network users in network engineering construction, laying a solid foundation for the next step of formulating a network engineering plan that suits the user's needs. Demand analysis is the difficulty of the entire network design process and the foundation of the entire project.

2. Network topology design

After completing the demand analysis, the network topology design phase begins, which is to consider various factors such as network scale, network architecture, adopted protocols, expansion and upgrade management. Determine the various devices required and how the various devices are connected to each other. The design of the topology directly affects the performance of the network, the difficulty of network installation and the cost of maintenance. When choosing a network topology, we should focus on economy, flexibility and scalability, reliability, and easy management and maintenance. Because the choice of topology is closely related to the choice of transmission media, the length of transmission distance and the required network connection equipment. Flexibility and scalability are also issues that should be fully valued when choosing a network topology.

It is emphasized here that any network cannot be once and for all. With the increase of users, the deepening and expansion of applications, the continuous emergence of new network technologies, and especially the changes in application methods and requirements, the network often needs to be adjusted. However, the adjustability and flexibility of the network, as well as the scalability are directly related to the topology when the network is established. The reliability of the network is the life of any network. When a node or site in the network has a problem, the network cannot work normally. The choice of network topology also directly determines the convenience of network fault detection and fault isolation. In short, there are many factors to consider when choosing the network topology, which also affect the network's operating speed and the complexity of the network's software and hardware interfaces.

3. Network integrated wiring

Before LAN cabling and equipment connection, the distribution of buildings within the LAN network, the number of floors and length of buildings, the location of network information nodes and the orientation of indoor network sockets should be investigated and located, and the optimal cabling route should be planned. Generally, structured cabling should be used. According to the network topology diagram, sufficient network cable interfaces required for equipment connection should be reserved.

4. Network address allocation and planning

According to the design of the topology diagram, reasonable IP address allocation and division are carried out. There are two ways to allocate IP addresses in a local area network:

• All hosts on the LAN are manually assigned a static IP address. In order to improve the efficiency of IP address usage, the entire network can be divided into subnets based on the internal structure of the enterprise: Using the borrowing method, starting from the first bit of the host bit, the bits are borrowed to become new subnet bits, and the remaining bits are still host bits. Subnet addressing gives the IP address a certain internal hierarchical structure, which adapts to various realistic physical network scales and can fully utilize the IP address space for easy management.
• Use a special server for dynamic allocation, that is, when a host logs on to the network, the server automatically assigns a dynamic IP address to the host.

When building a LAN, you should also pay attention to the fact that the first three bytes of the IP addresses of all computers on the LAN should be the same, and the two boundary addresses of the IP address range should be reserved as the network address and broadcast address of the LAN.

5. Determine the network management method

There are two ways to manage a network: domain mode and workgroup mode:

• The domain mode is generally used for centralized network management systems. In a domain mode network, there must be and can only be one primary domain controller (primary server) to perform all user management and security settings. If necessary, a second backup primary server can be configured, the so-called "backup domain controller" (BDC). In addition, other servers that provide shared resources (so-called "independent servers") can also be configured.
• The workgroup mode is generally used for peer-to-peer network management systems. Each computer in a workgroup network can play the role of both a workstation and a server. They manage their own user accounts and can access resources in other computers and provide resources to other computers as long as the appropriate permissions are set.

6. Network equipment selection

The first step in network construction is to select network products. At this time, we should consider the user's requirements and financial strength, equipment expansion capabilities and technical upgrade status (especially core equipment), and choose network products in a reasonable combination. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following issues when selecting network products:

• Clarify what kind of network products are needed for the network to be built. Based on the analysis in the demand phase, it should be clear what kind of network products are needed for the network system to be built. For example, wiring media, network interface cards, hubs, concentrators, and transceivers belong to the connection category; bridges, routers, and switches belong to the internet connection category.
• According to the network products you need, conduct comparative analysis of different manufacturers. Compare the quality and compatibility of various brands of products, as well as the after-sales service of the manufacturers, and understand other users' evaluation of this type of product.
• Try to use products from the same manufacturer for network products. Using products from the same manufacturer has the following advantages: First, most network manufacturers have developed network management software suitable for their own products. When choosing network products, if you choose products from different manufacturers, it will cause inconsistency in network management and economic waste; second, choosing products from the same manufacturer can bring many conveniences to network management personnel, such as less content to master, convenient technical support, technical services and less contact with manufacturers.