Detailed explanation of the three most commonly used wiring systems in integrated wiring!

The integrated wiring system is the infrastructure for connecting the "3A" system of intelligent buildings. Below, we will take a look at the detailed introduction of the three commonly used wiring systems.

Fiber Optic Systems

Optical fiber is the best medium for information transmission. It not only has unparalleled advantages over copper cable systems in terms of long-distance and high-speed transmission, but also is not limited by raw material resources, unlike copper cable manufacturing, which is subject to the rare resource of raw materials - copper metal. In addition, compared with copper cables, optical cables are smaller in size, and there is no need to limit the number of connectors in the link when networking, and there is no need to consider the problems caused by electromagnetic interference. With the trend of "optical fiber in and copper out", optical fiber systems will play an increasingly important role in data centers.

The price of fiber optic port equipment is still high, several times that of copper cable equipment for the same application, which is the main reason why fiber optic systems cannot completely replace copper cable systems. Secondly, fiber optic installation requires professional practitioners to use special tools, and the construction cost and requirements are relatively high. In addition, facing the emerging and highly concerned PoE Ethernet power supply technology, fiber optic systems cannot support it.

For fiber systems in data centers, the general consensus in the industry is to recommend the use of OM3 laser optimized fiber systems. This system can support 10Gb/s transmission at a wavelength of 850nm using VCSEL (vertical surface laser emitter) light sources, with a distance of up to 300 meters. In terms of upgrades, some manufacturers are working to go beyond the 10Gb/s standard and use coarse wavelength division multiplexing technology to transmit 40Gb/s.

Copper Cable System

Although copper cable systems are limited in transmission distance and the number of channel connectors compared to optical fiber systems, copper cable systems are the most familiar to all designers, installers, and users. They can achieve high-speed applications in a low-cost manner, from 10/100/1000Base-T to 10GBase-T, copper cable systems can support them well. In addition, unshielded systems can support PoE applications, providing power to remote devices while transmitting data signals.

When TIA issued the 942 standard in 2005, the Category 6A standard was not yet mature. Considering the market situation at the time, the standard recommended the use of Category 6 or higher cables. Today, Category 6A is the most economical link configuration method to achieve 10Gb/s transmission requirements. The system uses less than twice the cost of Category 6 but provides 10 times the transmission capacity, so the cost per Gbps is much lower. Although Category 6 can also support 10Gb/s in a short distance, its noise suppression ability and transmission performance are far behind 6A.

Although the existing 10G copper port network equipment on the market is expensive, with the mass production of equipment manufacturers and the maturity of the market, the price will naturally drop, just like the original Gigabit port equipment. It is worth noting that since 10G transmission requires high power, the power consumption of early transceivers even reached 10 to 15 watts per port, so the "low-power short-distance transmission mode" is specified in the 10GBASE-T standard to reduce the power consumption of each port to 4 watts. The important point is that only Category 6A or higher cables can support this mode within a distance of 30 meters.

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Shielded cable system

It goes without saying that the shielding system has good anti-electromagnetic interference and information leakage prevention capabilities. For the 6A category shielding system that supports 10G transmission, there is no need to consider the external crosstalk test problem, which will undoubtedly save a lot of testing time. At present, the reason why most domestic users consider using the shielding system is for information security considerations. In addition, the shielding system can support higher bandwidth applications, up to 1.2GHz.

However, the shielded cabling system also has its development limitations. First, the shielded system is currently poorly accepted worldwide, and may only account for 5% of the entire copper cable cabling system market share. This means that designers and installers are relatively unfamiliar with it and need further training. In order to ensure the 360-degree continuous shielding effect of the shielded system, the shielded system must be properly installed and grounded, which is difficult to construct and time-consuming. In addition, due to the presence of the metal protective layer, when the shielded system is used to support PoEPlus applications, the heat generated by the cable cannot be dissipated, which will cause certain interference to the performance.